氯離子檢測方法

CN107064033A - 氯离子的快速定性检测方法和快速定量检测方法 - Google Patents

氯离子的快速定性检测方法和快速定量检测方法 Download PDF

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Publication numberCN107064033A CN107064033A CN201710302571.4A CN201710302571A CN107064033A CN 107064033 A CN107064033 A CN 107064033A CN 201710302571 A CN201710302571 A CN 201710302571A CN 107064033 A CN107064033 A CN 107064033AAuthority CNChinaPrior art keywordssolutionchlorionabsorbancestandardmeasuredPrior art date2017-04-28Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.) PendingApplication numberCN201710302571.4AOther languages English (en) Inventor石瑞成Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.) Pangang Group Research Institute Co Ltd Original AssigneePangang Group Research Institute Co LtdPriority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)2017-04-28Filing date2017-04-28Publication date2017-08-18 2017-04-28 Application filed by Pangang Group Research Institute Co Ltd filed Critical Pangang Group Research Institute Co Ltd 2017-04-28 Priority to CN201710302571.4A priority Critical patent/CN107064033A/zh 2017-08-18 Publication of CN107064033A publication Critical patent/CN107064033A/zh Status Pending legal-status Critical Current

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241000370738 Chlorion Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nODVweCcgaGVpZ2h0PSc4NXB4JyB2aWV3Qm94PScwIDAgODUgODUnPgo8IS0tIEVORCBPRiBIRUFERVIgLS0+CjxyZWN0IHN0eWxlPSdvcGFjaXR5OjEuMDtmaWxsOiNGRkZGRkY7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmUnIHdpZHRoPSc4NS4wJyBoZWlnaHQ9Jzg1LjAnIHg9JzAuMCcgeT0nMC4wJz4gPC9yZWN0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScyMy45JyB5PSc1My42JyBjbGFzcz0nYXRvbS0wJyBzdHlsZT0nZm9udC1zaXplOjIzcHg7Zm9udC1zdHlsZTpub3JtYWw7Zm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6bm9ybWFsO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTpub25lO2ZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OnNhbnMtc2VyaWY7dGV4dC1hbmNob3I6c3RhcnQ7ZmlsbDojNUJCNzcyJyA+QzwvdGV4dD4KPHRleHQgeD0nMzkuOScgeT0nNTMuNicgY2xhc3M9J2F0b20tMCcgc3R5bGU9J2ZvbnQtc2l6ZToyM3B4O2ZvbnQtc3R5bGU6bm9ybWFsO2ZvbnQtd2VpZ2h0Om5vcm1hbDtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6MTtzdHJva2U6bm9uZTtmb250LWZhbWlseTpzYW5zLXNlcmlmO3RleHQtYW5jaG9yOnN0YXJ0O2ZpbGw6IzVCQjc3MicgPmw8L3RleHQ+Cjx0ZXh0IHg9JzQ0LjgnIHk9JzQ0LjMnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6MTVweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiM1QkI3NzInID4tPC90ZXh0Pgo8L3N2Zz4K [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 75
SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver nitrate Chemical compound 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[Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 15
ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine atom Chemical compound 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239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
- G01N2001/386—Other diluting or mixing processes
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N2021/3185—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry typically monochromatic or band-limited

Abstract

本发明公开了一种氯离子的快速定性检测方法和快速定量检测方法，特别是一种涉及物质检测领域的氯离子的快速定性检测方法和快速定量检测方法。本发明的氯离子的快速定性检测方法，包括以下几个步骤：将硝酸银溶液与标准氯离子溶液充分反应；测定反应溶液其的吸光度；取待测氯离子溶液与硝酸银溶液充分反应；测定反应溶液的吸光度，比较两者的吸光度；本发明为的氯离子的快速定量检测方法，将硝酸银溶液与多个标准氯离子溶液充分反应，测定各个反应溶液的吸光度绘制标准吸光度曲线。采用本申请快速定性检测的方法，不需要昂贵的仪器设备，其过程简单，所耗费的时间也短。

目錄 Show

CN107064033A - 氯离子的快速定性检测方法和快速定量检测方法 - Google Patents
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Description

氯离子的快速定性检测方法和快速定量检测方法

技术领域

[0001]本发明涉及一种氯离子的快速定性检测方法和快速定量检测方法,特别是一种涉及物质检测领域的氯离子的快速定性检测方法和快速定量检测方法。

背景技术

[0002] 氯离子是水和废水中最为常见的一种阴离子，过高浓度的氯离子含量会造成饮水苦咸味、土壤盐碱化、管道腐蚀、植物生长困难，并危害人体健康，因此必须控制氯离子的排放浓度。目前国家污水排放标准还未对氯离子的排放标准作出相应要求，仅有部分地方标准对废水中的氯化物作出了相关规定。

[0003] 对于这些水中氯离子的测定，国家标准及电力行业标准规定了许多测试方法，如：摩尔法、电位滴定法、汞盐滴定法、PC1电极法、共沉淀富集分光光度法、离子色谱法等等，这些方法都存在一定的问题，如设备昂贵、测定时间长、适用性不广等问题，因此需要一种快捷的氯离子测定方法。

发明内容

[0004] 本发明提供了一种成本低，测定时间短，适用性强的氯离子的快速定性检测方法。

[0005] 本发明为解决上述问题所采用的氯离子的快速定性检测方法，包括以下几个步骤：

[0006] A、将足量的硝酸银溶液与一定体积和一定浓度的标准氯离子溶液充分反应；

[0007] B、待标准氯离子溶液完全反应，并使反应后的溶液分散均匀后，测定反应溶液在一定波长处的吸光度；

[0008] C、取待测氯离子溶液与硝酸银溶液充分反应，其中待测氯离溶液与标准氯离子溶液体积相同，本步骤的硝酸银溶液与A步骤的硝酸银溶液的体积和浓度均相同；

[0009] D、待C步骤中氯离子溶液完全反应，并使反应后的溶液分散均匀后，在与B步骤中相同的波长处测定反应溶液的吸光度；

[0010] E、将待测氯离子反应溶液的吸光度与标准氯反应离子溶液的吸光度进行比较，如果待测氯离子反应溶液的吸光度大于标准氯离子反应溶液的吸光度，则待测氯离子溶液的氯离子浓度高于标准氯离子溶液的氯离子浓度，如果待测氯离子反应溶液的吸光度小于标准氯离子反应溶液的吸光度，则待测氯离子溶液的氯离子浓度低于标准氯离子溶液的氯离子浓度。

[0011] 进一步的是，采用超声辅助的方法使反应后的溶液分散均匀。

[0012] 本发明还提供了一种成本低，测定时间短，适用性强的氯离子的快速定量检测方法。

[0013] 本发明为解决上述问题所采用的氯离子的快速定量检测方法，包括以下几个步骤：

[0014] A、准备相同体积的一定浓度梯度的多个标准氯离子溶液，

[0015] B、将相同体积相同浓度且足量的多个硝酸银溶液与A步骤中的多个标准氯离子溶液充分反应；

[0016] C、待标准氯离子溶液完全反应，并使反应后的溶液分散均匀后，测定各个标准氯离子反应溶液在相同波长处的吸光度；

[0017] D、利用C步骤中测得的各个标准氯离子溶液浓度所对应的吸光度数据，绘制标准吸光度曲线；

[0018] E、取与A步骤中相同体积的待测氯离子溶液与足量的硝酸银溶液充分反应，待氯离子溶液完全反应，并使反应后的溶液分散均匀后，在与C步骤相同的波长处测得反应溶液的吸光度，本步骤的硝酸银溶液与A步骤的硝酸银溶液的体积和浓度均相同。

[0019] F、通过待测氯离子的吸光度和标准吸光度曲线得出待测氯离子的浓度。

[0020]进一步的是，采用超声辅助的方法使反应后的溶液分散均匀。

[0021]本发明的有益效果是:采用本申请快速定性检测的方法，通过比较待测氯离子溶液与标准氯离子溶液的吸光率来判断待测氯离子溶液浓度相对标准氯离子溶液浓度的高低，不需要昂贵的仪器设备，其过程简单，所耗费的时间也短。采用本申请快速定性检测的方法，通过建立反应氯离子溶液浓度与吸光度的标准曲线，通过待测氯离子溶液吸光度的值在标准曲线上可以找出该吸光度对应的氯离子溶液的浓度，该方法，可以确定不同氯离子溶液的浓度值，不需要昂贵的仪器设备，其过程简单，所耗费的时间也短。

具体实施方式

[0022] 本发明的氯离子的快速定性检测方法，包括以下几个步骤：

[0023] A、将足量的硝酸银溶液与一定体积和一定浓度的标准氯离子溶液充分反应;其中标准氯离子溶液作为为比较的标准，其体积可根据实际情况具体选择，以便于反应和便于量取为选择的原则。足量的硝酸银溶液是指硝酸银溶液的量要满足氯离子溶液中的氯离子完全反应，因此实际操作时可以持续将硝酸银溶液倒入氯离子溶液中，直至混合后的溶液没有反应为止。

[0024] B、待标准氯离子溶液完全反应，并使反应后的溶液分散均匀后，测定反应溶液在一定波长处的吸光度；

[0025] C、取与A步骤中相同体积的待测氯离子溶液与足量的硝酸银溶液充分反应；

[0026] D、待C步骤中氯离子溶液完全反应，并使反应后的溶液分散均匀后，在与B步骤中相同的波长处测定反应溶液的吸光度；

[0027] E、将待测氯离子反应溶液的吸光度与标准氯反应离子溶液的吸光度进行比较，如果待测氯离子反应溶液的吸光度大于标准氯离子反应溶液的吸光度，则待测氯离子溶液的氯离子浓度高于标准氯离子溶液的氯离子浓度，如果待测氯离子反应溶液的吸光度小于标准氯离子反应溶液的吸光度，则待测氯离子溶液的氯离子浓度低于标准氯离子溶液的氯离子浓度。

[0028]采用本申请快速定性检测的方法，通过比较待测氯离子溶液与标准氯离子溶液的吸光率来判断待测氯离子溶液浓度相对标准氯离子溶液浓度的高低，不需要昂贵的仪器设备，其过程简单，所耗费的时间也短。

[0029]采用超声辅助的方法使反应后的溶液分散均匀。为了增加测量的准确性可以利用超声手段，增加反应溶液的分散程度。

[0030] 本发明的氯离子的快速定量检测方法，包括以下几个步骤：

[0031] A、准备相同体积的一定浓度梯度的多个标准氯离子溶液，例如可以准备4个标准氯离子溶液，其体积和浓度依次为 10mL、0.01mol/L;10mL、0.02mol/L;10mL、0.03mol/L; 10mL、0•04mol/L

[0032] B、将相同体积相同浓度且足量的多个硝酸银溶液与A步骤中的多个标准氯离子溶液充分反应；

[0033] C、待标准氯离子溶液完全反应，并使反应后的溶液分散均匀后，测定各个标准氯离子反应溶液在相同波长处的吸光度；

[0034] D、利用C步骤中测得的各个标准氯离子溶液浓度所对应的吸光度数据，绘制标准吸光度曲线；由于C步骤完成后每种浓度对应的吸光度均已知，因此可以氯离子溶液浓度和吸光度为坐标轴建立直角坐标系，每一种浓度的测量值都可以在坐标系中形成一个点，多种浓度的测量值在坐标系中形成一系列的点，采用曲线拟合的方法可以通过这些点拟合出一条曲线，该曲线就是标准吸光度曲线，该曲线上的任意一点的坐标值对应该吸光度所反应的氯离子浓度。其中拟合曲线的方法可以采用常见的二次曲线拟合，高次曲线拟合等。可以根据实际情况选择坐标点的稀疏程度，点越密其拟合后的标准吸光度曲线的精度也越尚。

[0035] E、取与A步骤中相同体积的待测氯离子溶液与足量的硝酸银溶液充分反应，待氯离子溶液完全反应，并使反应后的溶液分散均匀后，在与C步骤相同的波长处测得反应溶液的吸光度，本步骤的硝酸银溶液与A步骤的硝酸银溶液的体积和浓度均相同；

[0036] F、通过待测氯离子的吸光度和标准吸光度曲线得出待测氯离子的浓度。在测得待测溶液的吸光度后，找到曲线上该吸光度所对应的点，在通过该点在曲线上的坐标值就可以等处其所对应的氯离子浓度。

[0037]用超声辅助的方法使反应后的溶液分散均匀。采用超声辅助的方法使反应后的溶液分散均匀。为了增加测量的准确性可以利用超声手段，增加反应溶液的分散程度。

[0038]采用本申请快速定性检测的方法，通过建立反应氯离子溶液浓度与吸光度的标准曲线，通过待测氯离子溶液吸光度的值在标准曲线上可以找出该吸光度对应的氯离子溶液的浓度，该方法，可以确定不同氯离子溶液的浓度值，不需要昂贵的仪器设备，其过程简单，所耗费的时间也短。

[0039]实施例1用本发明的方法测定自来水中氯含量是否超标 [0040]测定自来水中氯是否超标；

[0041] 量取100mL0 • lmol/L的硝酸银溶液加入10mL合格的自来水充分反应分散均匀后，测定其在306nm波长处的吸光度为1.4806。

[0042] 取待测自来水溶液10mL加入lOOmLO. lmol/L的硝酸银溶液充分分散混合均匀后测定其在306nm波长吸光度为2 • 7635，高于1.4806，故此自来水氯离子含量超标。

Claims (4)

1.氯离子的快速定性检测方法，其特征在于:包括以下几个步骤： A、将足量的硝酸银溶液与一定体积和一定浓度的标准氯离子溶液充分反应； B、待标准氯尚子溶液完全反应，并使反应后的溶液分散均句后，测定反应溶液在一定波长处的吸光度； C、取待测氯离子溶液与硝酸银溶液充分反应，其中待测氯离溶液与标准氯离子溶液体积相同，本步骤的硝酸银溶液与A步骤的硝酸银溶液的体积和浓度均相同； D、待C步骤中氯离子溶液完全反应，并使反应后的溶液分散均匀后，在与b步骤中相同的波长处测定反应溶液的吸光度； E、将待测氯离子反应溶液的吸光度与标准氯反应离子溶液的吸光度进行比较，如果待测氯离子反应溶液的吸光度大于标准氯离子反应溶液的吸光度，则待测氯离子溶液的氯离子浓度高于标准氯离子溶液的氯离子浓度，如果待测氯离子反应溶液的吸光度小于标准氯离子反应溶液的吸光度，则待测氯离子溶液的氯离子浓度低于标准氯离子溶液的氯离子浓度。

2.如权利要求1所述的氯离子的快速定性检测方法，其特征在于:采用超声辅助的方法使反应后的溶液分散均匀。

3.氯离子的快速定量检测方法，其特征在于:包括以下几个步骤： A、准备相同体积的一定浓度梯度的多个标准氯离子溶液； B、将相同体积相同浓度且足量的多个硝酸银溶液与A步骤中的多个标准氯离子溶液充分反应； C、待标准氯离子溶液完全反应，并使反应后的溶液分散均匀后，测定各个标准氯离子反应溶液在相同波长处的吸光度； D、利用C步骤中测得的各个标准氯离子溶液浓度所对应的吸光度数据，绘制标准吸光度曲线； E、取与A步骤中相同体积的待测氯离子溶液与足量的硝酸银溶液充分反应，待氯离子溶液完全反应，并使反应后的溶液分散均匀后，在与C步骤相同的波长处测得反应溶液的吸光度，本步骤的硝酸银溶液与A步骤的硝酸银溶液的体积和浓度均相同； F、通过待测氯离子的吸光度和标准吸光度曲线得出待测氯离子的浓度。

4.如权利要求3所述的氯离子的快速定量检测方法，其特征在于:采用超声辅助的方法使反应后的溶液分散均匀。

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