Proliferation 中文

2020年7月16日，毒品和犯罪问题办公室预防恐怖主义处处长Masood Karimipour先生向欧洲联盟理事会不扩散问题工作组介绍了毒品和犯罪问题办公室在执行理事会2018年12月10日关于欧盟支持普遍加入和有效执行《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》的第(CFSP) 2018/1939号决定方面所获进展。 

2005年由联合国大会通过的《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》为统一各法域刑事定罪条文奠定了基础，从而加强了就打击涉及核材料或其他放射性材料的恐怖主义行为开展或推动开展国际合作的框架。 

自通过《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》以来，毒品和犯罪问题办公室一直与成员国合作促进普遍加入和有效执行《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》。毒品和犯罪问题办公室的工作至关重要，不仅有助于增加《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》的缔约国数量，而且还协助请求国将其条文纳入国家立法。目前，毒品和犯罪问题办公室正在根据理事会第2018/1939号决定促进《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》，以及由加拿大政府资助的关于加强核安全法律框架的项目。这两项举措互为补充，协同增效。 

由联合国反恐中心与毒品和犯罪问题办公室联合实施的欧盟项目开展了以下工作： 

• 增加了《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》的缔约国数量并加深了受益国的认识； 
• 完善各国与《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》有关的立法工作； 
• 为提供技术法律援助编写培训材料； 
• 开发《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》专门网站； 
• 提高刑事司法官员及其他相关国家利益攸关方的能力； 
• 发挥与其他相关国际法律文书的协同作用；及 
• 加强各国检测和应对恐怖分子获取核材料或其他放射性材料的威胁的能力。 

Karimipour先生告诉不扩散问题工作组，尽管COVID-19造成各种限制，但毒品和犯罪问题办公室确保继续取得稳步进展，并实现了项目的各项目标，他指出，“我们已将大流行病引发的挑战转化为向成员国提供创新和可持续援助的机会”。Karimipour先生还补充说，“理事会第2018/1939号决定，再加上直接的外联活动，包括线上活动、立法审查和开发培训工具，为在这些充满挑战的时期提供援助提供了一个绝佳框架。” 

迄今为止，在该项目下，毒品和犯罪问题办公室已对乌干达进行了一次国别访问，并举行了关于《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》不同方面的七次网络研讨会；正在审查某一提出请求的成员国有关《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》的国家立法；就外联和援助问题与几个成员国举行了磋商；编写了宣传材料，并正在最后审定关于《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》的电子学习模块、一个关于《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》的专用网站和关于《公约》的一份培训手册。《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》专用电子邮件地址（[email protected]）已经启用，并用于回应成员国提出的请求和询问。在接下来的几个月里，毒品和犯罪问题办公室正在计划举行一系列虚拟活动，包括为尚未加入《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》的非洲国家举办一次提高区域认识的网络研讨会。 

WordReference English-Chinese Dictionary © 2022:

WordReference English-Chinese Dictionary © 2022:

The risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East : report of the 1st Committee : General Assembly, 74th session

标题The risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East : report of the 1st Committee : General Assembly, 74th session

获取English: A_74_371-EN - PDF ; Español: A_74_371-ES - PDF ; Français: A_74_371-FR - PDF ; Русский: A_74_371-RU - PDF ; العربية: A_74_371-AR - PDF ; 中文: A_74_371-ZH - PDF ;

The risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East : report of the 1st Committee : General Assembly, 64th session

标题The risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East : report of the 1st Committee : General Assembly, 64th session

获取English: A_64_394-EN - PDF ; Español: A_64_394-ES - PDF ; Français: A_64_394-FR - PDF ; Русский: A_64_394-RU - PDF ; العربية: A_64_394-AR - PDF ; 中文: A_64_394-ZH - PDF ;

To demonstrate the "professional service" image of the new governing team, the DAB urges the SAR Government to expeditiously study the extension of section 7M of the Telecommunications Ordinance, which regulates misleading or

為了顯示新班子的專業服務形象，民建 聯促請特區政府加快研究將現時《電訊條例》第 7M 條規管電訊商具誤導性 或欺騙性的行為擴大至涵蓋收費電視，並引入合約冷靜期、合約確認程序及 標準合約條款等，以防止電訊及廣播服務業不良推銷活動走向泛濫的困局， 這才能有效保障消費者的權益。

At the 10th meeting, on 16 October, the representative of the United States of America, on behalf of Afghanistan, Albania, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Haiti, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Monaco, the Netherlands, Norway, Palau, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America,

introduced a draft resolution entitled

and disarmament agreements and commitments” (A/C.1/63/L.32).

在 10 月 16 日第 10 次会议上，美利坚合众国代表以阿富汗、阿尔巴尼亚、澳 大利亚、奥地利、比利时、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、保加利亚、加拿大、智利、哥 伦比亚、克罗地亚、塞浦路斯、捷克共和国、丹麦、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、法国、格 鲁吉亚、德国、希腊、海地、匈牙利、爱尔兰、以色列、意大利、日本、拉脱维

亚、立陶宛、卢森堡、马达加斯加、摩纳哥、荷兰、挪威、帕劳、波兰、葡萄牙、 罗马尼亚、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙、瑞典、前南斯拉夫的马其顿共和国、

One delegation drew the attention of the Commission to the problems created by the proliferation of physical working groups held in various countries, which created an additional burden on developing countries [...] [...]

and also proposed that they should be listed in the schedule of Codex sessions.

某代表团提请食典委注意，在不同国家召开的不断增多的工作组会议带来的问题， 也给发展中国家带来额外的负担，建议这些会议应列入法典会议计划。

As the Council’s meeting addresses the issue of nuclear-weapon-free zones, NAM reaffirms the need for the speedy establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East in accordance with Security Council resolution 487 (1981) and paragraph 14 of Council resolution 687 (1991) and the relevant General Assembly resolutions adopted by consensus; and, pending its establishment, NAM demands that Israel, the only country in the region that has

因为安理会这次会议将审议无核武器区问题，不结盟运动重申必须根据安全 理事会第 487(1981)号决议和安理会第 687(1991)号决议第 14 段以及协商一致通 过的大会相关决议，加速建立中东无核武器区；在此之前，不结盟运动要求该地 区唯一未加入、并且也未宣布打算加入《 不扩散核 武器 条约》的国家以色列放弃 拥有核武器，毫不拖延地加入该条约，并根据安全理事会第 487(1981)号决议， 迅速将其所有核设施置于国际原子能机构的全面保障监督之下，同时依 照 不 扩散 机制的要求开展与核有关的活动。

At its sixty-fifth session, the General Assembly called upon Member States to establish appropriate national laws and/or measures to prevent and combat the illicit brokering of conventional arms and of materials,

equipment and technology that could

mass destruction and their means of delivery,

in a manner consistent with international law; acknowledged that national efforts to prevent and combat illicit brokering activities can be reinforced by such efforts at the regional and subregional levels; emphasized the importance of international cooperation and assistance, capacity-building and information-sharing in preventing and combating illicit brokering activities; and encouraged Member States to draw, where appropriate, on the relevant expertise of civil society in developing effective measures to prevent and combat illicit brokering activities (resolution 65/75).

大会第六十五届会议吁请会员国制订适当的国家法律和(或)措施，以符合国

中介活动的努力可以加强各国在这方面作出的努力；强调国际合作和援助、能力

建设和信息共享对于防止和打击非法中介活动至关重要；并且鼓励会员国酌情借 助民间社会的相关专门知识，制定有效措施来防止和打击非法中介活动(第 65/75 号决议)。

The extortion of its citizens by ruthless and callous warlords; the mushrooming and proliferation of piracy along its coasts and adjacent sea lanes; the unconscionable plundering of its maritime resources by extraneous forces; the instrumentalization of the weak and fragmented entities by neighbouring countries both to extract unfair and illicit agreements or to use these fragile mini-States [...] [...]

as an appendage of their domestic economies are some of the disturbing realities that this simmering Somali situation has given rise to.

索马里公民遭受冷酷无情的军阀的勒索、其沿海和毗连海路海盗行为层出不 穷；海洋资源遭到外部势力肆无忌惮的掠夺；这些虚弱和四分五裂的实体被邻国 利用以达成不公正和非法的协定，或利用这些脆弱的小国作为其国内经济的附属 体，这些就是纷乱的索马里局势产生的一些令人不安的现实。

At the 15th meeting, on 22 October, the representative of Mexico, on behalf of Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Japan, Mexico, Monaco, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, the Philippines, Poland, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Uruguay,

introduced a draft resolution entitled “United Nations study on

在 10 月 22 日第 15 次会议上，墨西哥代表以巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、哥斯 达黎加、多米尼加共和国、厄瓜多尔、埃及、萨尔瓦多、爱沙尼亚、危地马拉、 海地、洪都拉斯、匈牙利、印度、日本、墨西哥、摩纳哥、新西兰、尼加拉瓜、

尼日利亚、巴基斯坦、巴拿马、巴拉圭、菲律宾、波兰、南非、西班牙、瑞典、 前南斯拉夫的马其顿共和国、特立尼达和多巴哥、土耳其、大不列颠及北爱尔兰

While the draft resolution, entitled “Reducing nuclear danger”, contains a number of practical measures of which we are strong and active advocates, we were unable to support the text and voted against it, given that it fails to acknowledge the

importance of the universalization of the

as a step towards a nuclear-weapon-free

world, and the responsibility of all States which possess nuclear weapons to reduce nuclear danger.

尽管题为“减少核危 险”的决议草案载有我们坚决而积极主张的许多务实 措施，但是，我们不能支持该草案，并且对它投了反

性，也没有承认所有拥有核武器的国家都有责任降低 核危险。

Pakistan is a nuclear-weapon State and cannot accept unrealistic references, including in resolution 1887 (2009), calling for joining the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) as a non-nuclear-weapon State.

巴基斯坦是一个核武器国家，因而不能接受包括 第 1887(2009)号决议在内的有关文书要求我国作为 一个无核武器国家加入《不扩散核武器条约》(不扩 散条约)的不现实内容。

Recognizing with satisfaction that, in the Final Document of the 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Conference undertook to make determined efforts towards the achievement of the goal of universality of the Treaty, called upon those remaining States not parties to the Treaty to accede to it, thereby accepting an international legally binding commitment not to acquire nuclear weapons or nuclear explosive devices and to accept Agency safeguards on all their [...] [...]

nuclear activities, and underlined the necessity of universal adherence to the Treaty and of strict compliance by all parties with their obligations under the Treaty”.

满意地认识到，在不扩散核武器条约缔约 国 2000 年审议大会的《最后文件》中，审议大 会承诺坚定不移地努力实现《条约》普遍性的目 标，呼吁尚未加入《条约》的国家加入《条约》， 从而接受具有法律约束力的国际承诺，不获取核 武器或核爆炸装置，接受原子能机构对其所有核 活动的保障监督，并强调《条约》必须得到普遍 遵守，以及所有缔约国均须严格履行《条约》规 定的义务”。

For example, the text of the Final Document had significantly watered down the commitments for nuclear-weapon States to reduce the operational status of their arsenals and to cease the development and qualitative improvement of their nuclear weapons; it did not oblige the nuclear-weapon States to abolish the role of nuclear weapons in their military doctrines or to accept a legally binding instrument for the prohibition of nuclear weapons; it did not call for the withdrawal of nuclear weapons from the territories of non-nuclearweapon States; it did not include the specific timeline for the total elimination of nuclear weapons called for by the Group of Non-Aligned States parties to the Treaty; and, in particular, it failed to call upon Israel, the only obstacle to a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the

Middle East, to cease the development of nuclear weapons and to

例如，《最后文件》文本严重淡化了对核武器国 家降低其武库的实战状态以及停止开发和实质性改 进其核武器的承诺；文件并没有要求核武器国家废 除核武器在其军事理念中的作用，或者接受一项具

有法律约束力的文书以禁止核武器；文件没有要求 从无核武器国家的领土上撤出核武器；没有包含《条 约》的不结盟国家缔约国集团要求设定的全面消除 核武器的具体时限；特别是，文件没有呼吁以色列，

The most recent report of the Secretary-General on the activities of the Office (S/2011/811) notes its many activities, organized jointly with ECOWAS, on matters as diverse as

drug trafficking, piracy at sea, organized

of weapons, in particular in the Sahel.

秘书长关于该办事处活动的最新报告(S/2011/811)

The fifth Forum was intended to contribute towards improving understanding and strengthening regional consensus in terms of sustainable policy options, and technological and institutional measures that promote sustainable and low-carbontransport; address and identify opportunities for collaborative actions and

第五届论坛的宗旨是，在推动可持续和低碳交通的可持续政策选择及技术和 体制措施方面促进提高认识和加强区域共识；关注并确定机会，以推动协作行动 与伙伴关系，包括国际金融机制，促进在发展中国家实施负担得起、经济可行、 为社会接受以及无害环境的交通系统；说明改进公共交通系统、提高燃料效率和 绿化货运的创新性举措、成就和良好做法；促进能力建设活动方面的国际合作， 包括在地方和国家两级广泛采用并推广各种环境可持续交通措施；并增强对可持 续发展委员会第十九届会议的区域投入。

Viet Nam attaches special importance to the upcoming 2010 Review

越南特别重视即将召开的 2010 年不扩散核武器 条约(不扩散条约)缔约国审议大会，并且认为，促进 核裁军与核不扩散的最佳途径是提高《不扩散条约》 的效力，因为该条约是核裁军、核 不扩散与和 平利用 核能的基石。

Recognizing the danger to humanity posed by the possibility of the use of

nuclear weapons and the necessity to

nuclear arsenals, to strengthen nuclear

security and to improve nuclear safety, we consider it urgent to reduce nuclear risks and achieve tangible progress on the path towards a world free of nuclear weapons.

认识到使用核武器的可能性对人类构成的危险，以及有必要解决 核扩 散增加 的 风险、减少核武库，加强核保障和巩固核安全，我们认为迫切需要降低核风 [...]

Mr. Vice-Minister, your participation in this Conference today shows the value

attached by Japan to the work of this forum and to multilateral and bilateral efforts

政务官阁下，您今天前来参加本次会议，说明日本重视本论坛的工作以及裁 军和扩散问题方面的多边和双边努力。

Conference on the Security of Pipelines, Yaoundé (2001);

and Light Weapons, organized

by the United Nations and the Organization of African Unity, Addis Ababa (2000); symposiums for heads of police colleges organized by INTERPOL at its Lyon headquarters (1992, 1994 and 1996); General Assembly of INTERPOL, Dakar (1993).

管道安全会议，雅温得(2001 年)；由联合国组织和非洲统一组织的小武器和 轻武器扩散研讨会，巴 马科(2001 年)；中部非洲国家银行组织的洗钱问题研讨会， 雅温得(2000 年)；由联合国组织和非洲统一组织的小武器和轻 武 器 扩 散 研 讨会， 亚的斯亚贝巴(2000 年)；国际刑警组织在其里昂总部举办的警察学院负责人座谈 会(1992 年、1994 年和 1996 年)；国际刑警组织大会，达喀尔(1993 年)。

It is also a State Party to

as several other conventions on the protection

of the environment, the suppression of terrorism and the promotion of human rights.

它也是一个《核不扩散条约》和 几个环境保护、打击 恐怖主义及促进人权公约的缔约国。

The States members of the Rio Group, as part of the first densely populated area declared a nuclearweapon-free zone through the Treaty of Tlatelolco about 40 years ago, welcome the convening of the Second Conference of States Parties and Signatories to Treaties that Establish Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones and Mongolia to consider ways and means to enhance consultations among States parties and signatories, treaty agencies and other interested States, with the aim of promoting coordination and convergence in the

implementation of the provisions of these treaties and in strengthening the regime of nuclear

[...]

洛尔科条约》宣布为无核武器区的第一个人口密集地 区，欢迎召开建立无核武器区条约缔约国和签字国及 蒙古第二次会议，讨论加强缔约国和签字国、条约机

We, the States participating in the Second United Nations Conference to Review Progress Made in the Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects, gathered here in New York from 27 August to 7 September 2012, reaffirm our support for, and commitment to implement all the provisions of, the Programme of Action and the International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons, with a

view to ending the suffering caused by the illicit trade in and

我们参加第二次联合国审查从各方面防止、打击和消除小武器和轻武器非法

贸易的行动纲领执行进度大会的各国家于 2012 年 8 月 27 日至 9 月 7 日齐聚纽约， 重申我们支持并承诺执行《行动纲领》和《使各国能够及时和可靠地识别和追查

Recognizing the importance of the objective of nuclear security, along with the shared goals

of Member States of nuclear

uses of nuclear energy, and welcoming the

Nuclear Security Summit, held on 12 and 13 April 2010, which represented a remarkable contribution to strengthening nuclear security and reducing the threat of nuclear terrorism

确认核安全目标以及会员国共同的核裁军、 核 不 扩散与 和 平利 用核能目标的 重要意义，并欣见 2010 [...]

年 4 月 12 日和 13 日举行了核安全峰会，认为这是对加 强核安全及降低核恐怖主义威胁的重大贡献

[...] considering that there could be a scope for more flagship projects, especially intersectoral ones, felt that a proliferation of such projects will reduce the status they should enjoy.

然而，还有一些国家虽然认为还有增加旗舰项目的余地（特别是部门间 项目），但也感到这样的项目增加太多将降低它们应有的地位。

A study reports that a gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) antagonist reduces prostate size in a rat model of benign

prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a

characterized by prostate enlargement

and lacking effective treatments.

一项研究报告说，一种胃泌素释放肽（GRP）拮抗剂能减退良性前列腺增生（BPH）大鼠模型的前列腺尺寸， 良性前列腺增生（BPH）是一种进行性的、与年龄有关的前列腺 组 织 扩 增， 其特 征是前 列 腺扩大和 缺乏 有效的疗法。

Despite reservations by other participants that it might entail a new wave of proliferation of draft amendments to the proposed programmes and budgets, the proposal received large support [...]

尽管有些与会者对该建议有保留意见，认为这可能会导致对建议 的《计划与预算》提出大量的修正案，但这一建议仍得到会议的广泛支持。

It is sponsored by public and private sector institutions and has the objective of transferring and delivering appropriate biotechnology applications to developing countries and the building of partnerships between institutions in the South and the private sector in the North, and by strengthening South-South collaboration.69 Proposals have been made for further initiatives to facilitate the acceleration of biotechnology research in agriculture.70 There is a need for the further development of institutions and strategies such as these which will seek to facilitate the development and acquisition of technologies required for research relevant to developing countries, seek to use the opportunities offered by IP

to best advantage, and also help resolve the difficulties

69 已有人建议要创立更多的计 划来加快农业生物技术研究的步伐。70 有必要建立更多的这类机构和战略，它们的目的是：促进和发展中国家相关的研究工作所

However, the proliferation of uncontrolled direct marketing activities cause nuisance and annoyance to individuals and encourage the sale of personal data in bulk which infringes the personal data privacy of the [...] [...]

data subject, particularly his right “to be let alone”.

不過，太多 不受控制的直接促銷活動會對個人造成滋擾和煩惱，並鼓勵大量出售個 人資料，侵犯了資料當事人的個人資料私隱，尤其是「不被騷擾」的權 利。

At the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the

States parties agreed to “continue

to discuss in a non-discriminatory and transparent manner under the auspices of IAEA or regional forums, the development of multilateral approaches to the nuclear fuel cycle, including the possibilities of creating mechanisms for assurance of nuclear fuel supply, as well as possible schemes dealing with the back end of the fuel cycle, without affecting rights under the Treaty and without prejudice to national fuel cycle policies, while tackling the technical, legal and economic complexities surrounding these issues, including in this regard the requirement of IAEA full scope safeguards” (see NPT/CONF.2010/50).

在不扩散核武器条 约缔约国 2010 年审议大会上，缔约国一致认为“必须在 原子能机构或区域论坛的主持下，以非歧视和透明的方式继续讨论拟订核燃料循 [...]

环多边办法，包括建立核燃料供应保障机制的可能性，以及燃料循环后端处理的 可能计划，而不影响《条约》规定的权利并不损害国家燃料循环政策，同时处理

围绕这些问题的复杂的技术、法律和经济问题，包括这方面原子能机构全面保障 监督的要求”(NPT/CONF.2010/50)。

In addition to the basic people’s congresses as a

各基层人民大会除了作为决 策和表达见解及主张的机制之外，还有日益普及的自由信息平台，包括报纸、杂 志、因特网和卫星频道。

Chile’s technical and political institutions view this process as a unique opportunity to

智利的技术和政治机构认为，这一进程提供了取得实质进展的独特机会，直 接影响武器控制和武器转让国家政策的制定，以及制定国家政策打击有组织的犯 罪、训练恐怖主义团体、武装冲突蔓延等因武器流入非法市场而造成的问题。

The Criminal Code of Ukraine thus contains eight articles which in one way or another are concerned with criminal liability for activities involving the potential proliferation of weapons of mass destruction: article 258 (Terrorist act); article 261 (Attacks on facilities which contain objects posing a heightened risk to the environment); article 321 (Illegal production, manufacture, acquisition, transport, transfer and stockpiling for sales purposes or sale of toxic and potent substances); article 326 (Infringement of the rules on handling microbiological or other biological agents or toxins); article 333 (Illegal export from Ukraine of raw materials, inputs, equipment and technology for weapons manufacture, and also military and specialized technology); article [...] [...]

439 (Use of weapons of mass destruction); article 440 (Development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, sale and transport of weapons of mass destruction); and article 441 (Ecocide).

因此，乌克兰《刑法典》载有在某种程度上涉及可能扩散大规模毁灭性武器 活动的刑事责任的八项条款：第 258 条(恐怖主义法)；第 261 条(对包含有可能 严重威胁环境的物体的设施发动的进攻)；第 321 条(非法生产、制造、获得、运 输、转让和储存有毒及烈性物质用于出售目的或出售这些物质)；第 326 条(违反 关于处理微生物或其他生物物剂或毒素)；第 333 条(从乌克兰非法出口原材料、 投入、设备和技术用于制造武器，以及非法出口军事和专门技术)；第 439 条(使 用大规模毁灭性武器)；第 440 条(发展、生产、获得、储存、销售和运输大规模 毁灭性武器)；以及第 441 条(生态灭绝)。