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版权所有 © 2022 Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA 及其附属公司。保留所有权利。 最后审阅: 3 十一月 2022 最后更新: 08 八月 2019 小结目前,有至少 4 种α-地中海贫血:隐性携带者(有 1 个异常α-珠蛋白基因)、α-地中海贫血性状(有2 个异常α-珠蛋白基因)、Hb H 病(典型的 3 个异常α-珠蛋白基因)、Hb Bart 胎儿水肿综合征(通常为 4 个α-珠蛋白基因全部缺失)。 贫血和溶血表现的严重程度与遗传缺陷和α-珠蛋白合成损伤程度有关。 α-地中海贫血见于全球疟疾流行区(地中海、东南亚、印度次大陆、中东、撒哈拉以南非洲),因此对于这些种族背景和患有小红细胞症和/或贫血症的患者应引起怀疑。 绝大多数α-地中海贫血患者临床上健康,且多数无症状。 许多 Hb H 患者虽在临床上健康,但存在以下临床症状发生的风险:急性溶血症状;再生障碍性危象;铁过载,即使无长期输血史;脾功能亢进;内分泌疾病。 宣传教育是治疗该病的一个重要部分,且在宣传内容中应涵盖急性事件风险,和(有关遗传咨询方面)后代患 Hb H 病或 Hb Bart 胎儿水肿的潜在风险。 获得性 Hb H 病非常罕见,且常并发血液病,多见于有骨髓增生异常综合征的男性患者。 定义
α-地中海贫血是一组血红蛋白合成异常性疾病,是 4 个α-珠蛋白基因中至少 1 个发生突变或缺失引起的,从而使α-珠蛋白链合成发生不同程度的损害,以至于积累大量不成对的β-珠蛋白链。 此类缺陷可导致相应不同严重程度的贫血和溶血等临床表现。[1] 正常人的血红蛋白由含有 2 对珠蛋白多肽链、一对类 α-链和一对非 α-链的四聚物组成,且每个链中都含有一个血红素基团。两组 α-珠蛋白基因(特指 α-2 和 α-1)分别位于一条 16 号染色体上。且其上游调节元件 HS-40 可控制 α-珠蛋白的表达。[2] 目前,有至少 4 种α-地中海贫血:隐性携带者(有 1 个异常α-珠蛋白基因)、α-地中海贫血性状(有2 个异常α-珠蛋白基因)、Hb H 病(典型的 3 个异常α-珠蛋白基因)、Hb Bart 胎儿水肿综合征(通常为 4 个α-珠蛋白基因全部缺失)。 病史和体格检查关键诊断因素
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更多 需考虑的检查 治疗流程急性溶血发作:妊娠或非妊娠短暂性再生障碍危象:妊娠或非妊娠非妊娠期妊娠撰稿人作者Janet L. Kwiatkowski, MD, MSCEDirector Thalassemia Program Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Professor of Pediatrics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 利益声明JLK has participated in research trials of iron chelation sponsored by Novartis and ApoPharma, and has consulted for Ionis Pharmaceuticals, bluebird bio, Agios, and Celgene. 鸣谢Dr Janet L. Kwiatkowski would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Elizabeth A. Price and Dr Stanley L. Schrier, the previous contributors to this topic. 利益声明EAP declares that she has no competing interests. SLS has received NIH research funds, has received funds for organizing an educational symposium, and is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. 同行评议者David H. K. Chui, MD, FRCPCProfessor of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA DHKC is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. He has received research grants or salary from the US National Institutes of Health greater than 6 figures USD. Piero Giordano, PhDProfessor of Clinical Biochemical Molecular Genetics Human and Clinical Genetics Department Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands 利益声明PG declares that he has no competing interests. Cornelis Harteveld, PhDClinical Molecular and Biochemical Geneticist Department of Clinical Genetics Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands 利益声明CH declares that he has no competing interests.
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